Development Talk

Now that South Africa has proven that it can present a world class Cup and Closing Ceremony, what will it tackle next? Photo: AFP - Monirul Bhuiyan

Now that South Africa has proven that it can present a world class Cup and Closing Ceremony, what will it tackle next? Photo: AFP - Monirul Bhuiyan

The final match of the 2010 FIFA World Cup was played last night and Spain walked away with the cup. Now that the World Cup has come to an end, newspapers are already starting to ask “What next for South Africa?” How can we harness the positive energy generated during the past month to achieve much needed development objectives for the country?

IOL.co.za reports that “rarely can a global event have generated so much advance pessimism as the World Cup”, but South Africa has silenced all its critics by hosting a successful tournament. The closing ceremony held at Soccer City in Johannesburg last night was especially spectacular and of a world class standard. Images were projected onto the field, Shakira sang Waka Waka and hundreds of dancers demonstrated various South African dances.

Keep on Feeling it

Will the closing ceremony mean the end of the positive vibe in South Africa? Photo: www.shine2010.co.za via Flickr

Will the closing ceremony mean the end of the positive vibe in South Africa? Photo: www.shine2010.co.za via Flickr

“Feel it!” was the catch phrase of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Ray Hartley writes “We felt ‘it’. Now let’s define and bottle ‘it’” in the Sunday Times. According to him everyone felt a certain emotion when Bafana Bafana sang the national anthem before the kick-off of this cup. And we kept feeling that emotion as South Africa showed that they could host a mega sports event.

Hartley says this “it” can probably be defined as patriotism. “True patriotism is very different to nationalism. It is closer to the notion of civic duty, the desire to do something to make your country a better place and to celebrate others who make the same effort.”

He says we should now find new outlets for this patriotism. “In this scenario, we would treat our major civic challenges – such as the delivery of houses, health, safety and education – in the same way we treated the World Cup.”

But our patriotism should not turn us into a “nation of spin doctors” that do not want to give criticism where it is due. After all, criticism can help you to recognise your weaknesses and improve on them.

Patriotism should also not turn into an ugly nationalism involving xenophobia, David Smith writes in the Mail & Guardian.

Olympic Games?

Should South Africa bid to host the Olympics? Image: Patrick Hoesley via Flickr

Should South Africa bid to host the Olympics? Image: Patrick Hoesley via Flickr

Some have suggested that South Africa bidding to host the Olympic Games next would be a way to keep the “high” produced by the World Cup going. But Danny Jordaan, chief organiser of the Soccer World Cup is quoted in the Mail & Guardian as saying:  “There is a sense of pride and achievement. We’ll have to see how we will ensure that pride is not the pride of 90 minutes in a World Cup but a permanent feature. Some people say find it in the hosting of the Olympics, find it another big event. I think we must find it in addressing some of the issues — housing, health, education, economic growth. We have to come together to deal with some of these issues.”

A renewed focus on development issues within the country, with renewed vigour and passion would be wonderful. It is something that Creative Consulting & Development Works, as a research, evaluation and communications consultancy working in the development sector definitely supports.

Also read our previous blog piece on the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and leave your comment.

Other than the stadiums such as this one in Cape Town, what legacy will the World Cup leave in South Africa?

Other than the stadiums such as this one in Cape Town, what legacy will the World Cup leave in South Africa?

This article originally appeared in our latest newsletter. We would love to hear from you regarding what you think the legacy of the 2010 World Cup will be. Read the article and please leave your comment below.  If you are interested in receiving our newsletter, please email lindy@developmentworks.co.za.

As the 2010 FIFA World Cup draws to a close, it is time to start asking ourselves what the real legacy of the event will be in South Africa.

This is what was discussed at a recent public dialogue seminar held by the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town. Taking part in the discussion was Dr Orli Bass, one of the editors of  Development and Dreams: The urban legacy of the 2010 Football World Cup and Prof Peter Alegi, author of African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World’s Game.

“If there are any benefits from the 2010 World Cup, they will be intangible rather than tangible,” Bass predicted. Initially many South Africans expected to benefit personally on an economical level. “Informal traders thought the event would improve their situation,” Bass said.

Tangible economic impact

Development and Dreams

Development and Dreams

In Development and Dreams mention is made of a survey conducted in 2007 by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) on people’s perceptions of the World Cup. As many as 50% of respondents believed that economic growth and job creation would be the two main benefits of the event and a third of respondents thought they would personally benefit from job opportunities.

According to Bass, World Cups are extremely profitable for FIFA and the 2010 World Cup will be even more profitable than the previous tournament held in Germany, but the same benefits are not usually felt by host countries. Bass said that according to their research the contribution of the 2010 World Cup to economic development, improvement in tourism and reduction in unemployment and poverty has been overstated.

In an essay entitled “Anticipating 2011” in Development and Dreams, Richard Tomlinson is critical of the economic impacts of the World Cup. According to him investments have been directed away from productive uses such as the upgrading of the Cape Town harbour to construction of unnecessary stadiums. Tomlinson even thinks that the event can create greater inequality.

Orli Bass discusses the views expressed in Development and Dreams regarding the 2010 legacy.

Orli Bass discusses the views expressed in Development and Dreams regarding the 2010 legacy.

Orli Bass discusses the views expressed in Development and Dreams regarding the 2010 legacy. Kamilla Swart and Urmilla Bob agree with this statement in their essay “Venue selection and the 2010 World Cup: A case study of Cape Town”. The fact that FIFA did not approve of Cape Town building a stadium in Athlone, which would have stimulated development in this low-income area, but pushed the city into rebuilding the Green Point stadium, is to them an indication of how inequality was increased.

In the essay “Sport, mega-events and urban tourism” in Development and Dreams, Scarlett Cornelissen cautions that tourism projections for South Africa after the 2010 World Cup might have been overestimated. She points out that the sports tourism that is generated after a World Cup, often replaces especially business-related tourism. However, the greatest benefit to tourism might be the improvement of the country’s image internationally.

Intangible impact

Peter Alegi, author of African Soccerscapes talks about the impact of soccer on nationhood.

Peter Alegi, author of African Soccerscapes talks about the impact of soccer on nationhood.

Peter Alegi, author of African Soccerscapes talks about the impact of soccer on nationhood. Despite their criticisms, the authors of Development and Dreams do think that the World Cup  will leave South Africa with an intangible legacy of increased national cohesion, an improved image globally, as well as a reduction in Afro-pessimism when it becomes clear to the world that we can indeed successfully host an event of this magnitude. The editors write that it is important to “keep sight of the notion that the 2010 World Cup presents an opportunity to rethink the manner in which African culture, gender and identity are experienced and represented.”

Alegi said that while researching his book African Soccerscapes he realised that historically soccer had played a big role in establishing national pride in Africa. The game was brought to the continent by colonialists, but Africans soon made it their own. “They refused to play the way the colonialists had taught them and brought their own style to the game.”

National unity might be one of the intangible benefits of the 2010 World Cup.

National unity might be one of the intangible benefits of the 2010 World Cup.

When Algeria, for instance, wanted to gain their independence from France, their soccer team traveled the world with their new Algerian flag, encouraging Algerian pride. As African countries gained independence, soccer teams, playing in new national colours, helped to increase a sense of nationhood, although it might have been fragile.

According to Bass it is clear that this expected benefit is becoming a reality when one looks at South Africans proudly displaying their nation’s flag on their cars, organising community gatherings to watch the soccer and taking pride in what their country has achieved in hosting this event.

Creative Consulting & Development Works would love to know what you think about the legacy of the 2010 World Cup. Please post your comment below.

The Elephants in South Africa are also enjoying the FIFA World Cup, as long as the impact on the environment is kept to a minimum. Photo: Shine 2010 via Flickr

The animals in South Africa are also enjoying the FIFA World Cup, as long as the impact on the environment is kept to a minimum. Photo: Shine 2010 via Flickr

A mega event such as the FIFA World Cup can leave an enormous carbon footprint on the world. That is why South Africa has set out since the beginning of the 2010 World Cup to ensure a more environmentally friendly tournament with the Green Goal programme.

More than 450 000 tourists have already entered South Africa since June 11. More people and more cars in cities mean more carbon emissions, a greater usage of electricity and water and more waste. Resources were also stretched to build stadiums.

According to the United Nations Environment Programme’s website the Green Goal programme initiative is a result of a partnership between the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the South African Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA).

The initiative includes three major greening projects: renewable energy interventions in six World Cup host cities, an awareness-raising drive on green tourism and a UNEP programme to offset the carbon emissions of eleven World Cup teams.

Green Passport

Green Passport. Photo: UNEP

Also part of the Green Goal initiative is the Green Passport project. The Green Passport is an international campaign to educate tourist on how to contribute towards sustainable development by making responsible holiday choices. It has been specifically adapted to South Africa for the 2010 World Cup.

The Green Passport website shares information on where to stay, what to eat, how to get around and what to see and do in the host cities. In this way it “promotes tourism that respects the environment and cultures while triggering economic benefits and social development for the host communities”.

According to this website each of the host cities have their own greening projects for the World Cup.

Bloemfontein:

Pedestrian areas have been created in the central business district and 2000 trees were planted.

Cape Town:

Cape Town Stadium. Photo: Media Club South Africa/Rodger Bosch

Cape Town Stadium. Photo: Media Club South Africa/Rodger Bosch

The city launched a comprehensive Green Goal programme. The Cape Town Green Map shows the city’s green spaces and businesses that practice fair trade. Two recycling “drop off” facilities have been created to take care of waste from the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Johannesburg:

In Soweto 200 000 trees have been planted, including more than 82 400 indigenous trees as part of the programme to green the township.

Nelspruit:

The rural community of the Mbombela Municipality are being educated and empowered to be responsible for the condition of their surrounding environment. Green-focused community businesses are being supported.

Durban's Stadium. Photo: Media Club South Africa

Durban's Stadium. Photo: Media Club South Africa

Durban:

Forest areas are being restored and replanted in the eThekwini Municipal Area.

Port Elizabeth:

Tour guides, accommodation owners, taverners, etc. were trained on responsible tourism practices and working with local crafters on the development of sustainable products and services.

Polokwane:

The Polokwane Parks Department has successfully implemented, and is operating a waste composting facility.

Rustenberg:

A pamphlet that provides information on climate change and waste management and what people can do in their everyday lives to make a difference has been circulated in schools throughout Rustenburg.

City of Tshwane (Pretoria):

New parks have been developed with a soccer theme and the city intends to plant a tree for every goal scored in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

The vuvuzela phenomenon

 

July 1, 2010

Three fans blow their vuvuzelas at the Fan Park in Nelspruit. Photo: Coca-Cola South Africa

Three fans blow their vuvuzelas at the Fan Park in Nelspruit. Photo: Coca-Cola South Africa via Flickr

For many South Africans, going to the stadium without a vuvuzela is like going to school without your books. The vuvuzela is a funnel shaped instrument that is blown by South African fans during the soccer matches and it is believed by many fans that it heartens South African players, especially when they have the opportunity to score a goal.

There has been some controversy in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, held in South Africa, about this horn. At the beginning of the World Cup there were calls for the instrument to be banned in stadiums, but FIFA president Sepp Blatter said on Twitter that he would not dream of suppressing fan culture in any country. Now one sees many tourists walking around in South Africa with a vuvuzela in their nation’s colours.

Where does it come from?

A man at the Khayelitsha fan park blows his vuvuzela. Photo: Coca-Cola South Africa via Flickr

A man at the Khayelitsha fan park blows his vuvuzela. Photo: Coca-Cola South Africa via Flickr

According to Wikipedia, the Vuvuzela, also known as Lepatata (its Tswana name) is an air horn, approximately one metre in length, commonly blown by fans at soccer matches in South Africa.

According to southafrica.info the ancestor of the Vuvuzela is said to be the Kudu’s horn (called ixilongo in IsiXhosa and mhalamhala in Tshivenda), which was blown to summon African villagers to meetings.

The origin of the name “vuvuzela” is disputed. It may originate from the Zulu for “making noise”, or from the “vuvu” sound it makes. According to Wikipedia the vuvuzela was originally made from tin and became popular is South Africa in the 1990s where it was often blown in matches between big South African soccer teams Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates.

Different people claim to be the inventor of this instrument. Wikipedia says South African Kaizer Chiefs fan Freddie “Saddam” Maake claims he made an aluminum version of the vuvuzela from a bicycle horn in 1965 and he has photographs of himself holding this invention in the 1970′s, 1980′s and 1990′s. The Nazareth Baptist Church has also claimed that the vuvuzela is a holy instrument used in their church for decades. The plastic factory Masincedane Sport has mass-produced the plastic vuvuzela mostly used at soccer matches today.

A variety to choose from

Zakumi, the 2010 World Cup Mascot with a Kuduzela or Zazu. Photo: Media Club South Africa

Zakumi, the 2010 World Cup Mascot with a Kuduzela or Zazu. Photo: Media Club South Africa

There are different types of vuvuzelas, some made of plastic and others are truly works of art, covered in beads.

According to vuvuzela.com the new Sockzela is a vuvuzela covered with a removable fabric sheath in the colours of a specific team participating in the World Cup.

The Zazu or Kuduzela is a curved vuvuzela inspired by the horn of a kudu and developed into a designer musical trumpet by world renowned South African Industrial designer Brian Steinhobel.

According to Media Club South Africa there are even innovative people who are making vuvuzelas out of kelp found on South African beaches!

Different people have different views about the Vuvuzelas. Some like it because they feel that it is a symbol of support and that it shows unity among the fans. Some people hate it, because they feel it keeps people from paying attention to the game; they only focus on the noise made by the vuvuzela.

Like it or not, the vuvuzela is a part of South African soccer culture, so go to the stadiums or fan parks and show our visitors how to blow that vuvuzela.

Watch this video of a British television station’s explanation of the vuvuzela.

Red Card. Photo: Kolkatafootball.com

Red Card. Photo: Kolkatafootball.com

Referees have shown quite a few red cards during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The most memorable for South African fans will be the red card Bafana Bafana goalkeeper Itumeleng Khune received in the game against Uruguay.

It was France’s turn for a red card in their game against South Africa when Yousuff Gourcuff was sent off. Brazilian fans were upset when their team’s star, Kaka, was given a red card in their game against Ivory Coast. And last night, in their game against Spain, a red card for Ricardo Costa rubbed salt in the wounds of a loosing Portugal.

According to FIFA’s rules a red card can be given when a very dangerous tackle is made, when an opponent is fouled to keep him from scoring, when a player uses his hands to deny the opposition an opportunity to score, or when the player becomes abusive, offensive or violent.

Scrutinize, a national campaign being undertaken in South Africa by USAID/Johns Hopkins University/JHU Program, which aims to educate the public on the risks of HIV/AIDS, is now also using a red card in their campaigns. Just like a referee would produce a red card if a player exhibits dangerous behaviour, Scrutinize is urging South Africans to recognise dangerous sexual behaviour and “give it the red card”. Do not entertain it, simply send it “off the field” and out of your life.

Watch one of the animated Scrutinize TV commercials using the red card metaphor to highlight the dangers of risky sexual behaviour:

Because major events such as the Soccer World Cup creates the possibility for predators to perpetrate human trafficking, Free Generation International is also using the “red card” against forced labour and sexual slavery. Their website gives safety tips to members of the public and tells you how to recognise a victim of human trafficking. There is a toll-free number to call for help. To create awareness about human trafficking, you can download a picture of a red card and paste it to your website or send it to your friends and family.

Creative Consulting & Development Works has pasted the card here to show our support:

Red Card. Photo: Free Generation International

Red Card. Photo: Free Generation International

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